I guarantee you Vista is not causing a 'Disk Read Error'. That's caused by a damaged or dying disk. Vista's services such as Indexing and on-the-fly defragmenting might cause more areas of your disk to be utilized and reveal these errors, but they're not caused by Vista.
I'd say use something like HDTune to check the S.M.A.R.T. status of the hard drive, do a full surface scan for bad sectors, and if possible also use the manufacturer's drive diagnostic software to check the entire drive out as well - if the manufacturer doesn't provide such a tool at their website, go get the Hitachi Drive Fitness test as that one tends to work with any brand of drive.