When you replace a laptop harddrive and clone the OS and data to a new drive do you need to re-authenticate to windows domain your connected to? Does the windows domain just authenticate machines off of windows id or something?
Nope, nothing fancy needed. The machines SID is included in the clone, so your domain controller really doesn't know anything's different.
The only thing you'll see once you bootup for the first time...is the "New Hardware Found" message popup about 15 seconds after desktop arrives, since Windows will detect the new hard drive, and install it into Device Mangler. It'll say reboot required...but you can reboot whenever you get a chance...no need to rush.